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| Quinine |
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| Quinine is a natural white crystalline ,odorless alkaloid . It is very bitter in taste. Quinine is a stereo isomer of quinidine. Its chemical formula is 6'-methoxycinchonan-9-ol and its molecular formula is C20H24N2O2. |
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| Quinine is having an antipyretic , antimalarial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, appearing in therapeutics in the 17th century. |
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| Source |
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| The bark of the cinchona tree is the only natural source of quinine. In the early 17th century bitter-tasting bark-had been discovered by Spanish priests in South America's Andes mountains. Today, most of the world's cinchona supply comes from central Africa, Indonesia, and South America. Native to mountainous tropical regions of South America, especially Peru, cinchona is now also grown in India, Java, and parts of Africa, and is cultivated intensively on tree farms. |
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| The trees are propagated from cuttings in late spring, and the bark of the trunk, branches, and root are removed from 6- to 8- year-old trees, and then dried in the sun. The annual production of cinchona bark has been estimated about 8,000 tons a year. |
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| Pharmacology |
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| Quinine inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and glycolysis in Plasmodium falciparum and can bind with hemazoin in parasitized erythrocytes. However, the precise mechanism of the antimalarial activity of quinine sulfate is not completely understood. |
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| Uses |
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- Quinine is the first effective treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
- Quinine is Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory
- Quinine is also used to treat Lupus, Nocturnal Leg Cramp & Arthritis
- In Brazil, cinchona is considered as an appetite stimulant and a cure for fatigue
- Quinine is a flavor component of tonic water
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| Dosage & Administration |
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- Quinine can be given by the oral, intravenous or intramuscular route.
- Quinine 8mg of base per kg three times daily for 7days
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| Quinine is a basic amine and is therefore always presented as a salt. Quinine is available as hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, bi sulfate and gluconate. |
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- Quinine Sulphate (USP/BP/IP)
- Quinine Hydrochloride(USP/BP/IP)
- Quinine Di hydrochloride (USP/BP/IP)
- Quinidine Sulphate (USP/BP/IP)
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